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Wilderness-acquired diarrhea
Wilderness-acquired diarrhea – also known as wilderness diarrhea, or backcountry diarrhea – is a variety of traveler’s diarrhea in which backpackers, hikers, campers and other outdoor enthusiasts are affected. Potential sources are contaminated food or water, or "hand-to-mouth", directly from another person who is infected.〔 Cases generally resolve spontaneously, with or without treatment, and the cause is typically unknown. The National Outdoor Leadership School has recorded about one incident per 5,000 person-field days by following strict protocols of hand-washing, dish-washing, and water treatment.〔http://rendezvous.nols.edu/files/Curriculum/research_projects/Risk%20Management%20Reports/Medical%20Incidents%20and%20Evacuations%20on%20Wilderness%20Expeditions.pdf〕 More limited, separate studies have presented highly varied estimated rates of affliction that range from 3 percent to 74 percent of wilderness visitors. One survey found that long-distance Appalachian Trail hikers reported diarrhea as their most common illness. Based on reviews of epidemiologic data and literature, some researchers believe that the risks of have been over-stated and are poorly understood by the public.〔〔 (Archived version April 20, 2010 )〕
==Names and definitions==
Diarrhea acquired in the wilderness or other remote areas is typically a form of infectious diarrhea, itself classified as a type of secretory diarrhea. These are all considered forms of gastroenteritis. The term may be applied in various remote areas of non-tropical developed countries (U.S., Canada, western Europe, etc.), but is less applicable in developing countries, and in the tropics, because of the different pathogens that are most likely to cause infection.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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